Morphology
Exercise 1
Identify the
free morphemes in the following words:
kissed,
freedom, stronger, follow, awe, goodness, talkative, teacher, actor
Answer:
a.
Kiss : free ed : bound
b.
Freedom : free
c.
Strong : free er :
bound
d.
Follow : free
e.
Awe : free
f.
Good
: free ness : bound
g.
Talk : free ative : bound
h.
Teach : free er :
bound
i.
Actor : free
Exercise 2
Some of the
words in (2) contain suffixes. Identify the suffixes by underlining them.
1.
happiness
2.
unkind
3.
freedom
4.
flowers
5.
brother
6.
blackboard
Exercise 3
Some of the
words in (3) contain prefixes. Identify the prefixes by underlining them.
·
unable
·
discourage
·
establish
·
receive
·
strawberry
·
amoral
Exercise 4
(i) Identify the
root in the words in (4) by underlining it and (ii) state
which syntactic category it belongs to.
Example *friendly : Noun
a. lamps : Noun
b. kindness : Adjective
c. hinted : Verb
d. players : Verb
e. editors : Verb
f. grandfathers : Noun
Exercise 5
For each of the
following bound morphemes, determine whether it is derivational or inflectional
and give two words in which it appears:
a.
–ity:
Derivational
realibility
Abiliity
b. –s:
inflectional
cars
papers
c.
un–:
Derivational
uncountable
unremovable
d.
–ing:
Inflectional
fishing
running
e. –al:
Derivational
arival
recital
f. –er:
Derivational
eraser
deleter
g. –ed:
Inflectional
opened
closed
Exercise 6
The component
morphs of the morphologically complex words have been separated by a hyphen
(–). Indicate which of these morphs are bound morphs and which are free morphs,
and which of the bound morphs are inflectional and which derivational.
Ø en–courage–ment
courage :
Free
en :
bound, derivational
ment :
bound, inflectional
Ø king–dom–s
king :
Free
dom :
bound, derivational
s :
bound, inflectional
Ø stud–ent–hood
student :
free
hood :
free
Ø anti–soviet–ism
anti : bound, inflectional
soviet : free
ism : bound, derivational
Ø bi–annu–al–ly
bi :
free
annual :
free
ly :
bound, derivational
Ø read–ing–s
read :
free
ing :
bound, derivational
s :
bound, inflectional
Exercise 7
Divide the
following words into the smallest meaningful units and describe how the words
are formed, i.e. describe the morphological processes (derivation, inflection)
involved.
a.
kingdoms
the root is “king”. By suffix “-dom” to
the root “king” we derive “kingdom”. The morphological process involved is
called derivational. By adding the suffix “-s” to “kingdom” it becomes
“kingdoms”. The morphological process involved called inflectional.
b.
discourages
the root is “courage”. By prefix “dis-“
to the root “courage” we derive “discourage”. The morphological process
involved called derivational. By adding the suffix “-s” to “discourage” it
becomes “discourages”. The morphological process involved called inflectional.
c.
forgetful
the root is “forget”. By adding the
suffix “-ful” to the root “forget” we derive “forgetful”. The morphological
process involved called derivational.
d.
submitted
the root is “submit”. By adding the
suffix “-ed” we derive “submitted”. The morphological process involved called
inflectional.
thanks
BalasHapus